Introduction

gstlearn is a package developed by the Geostatistical Team of Mines ParisTech. It contains several well established geostatistical functions and methods and some prototypes based on ongoing research.

Loading gstlearn

In each R session, you must load the gstlearn library

R used as a pocket calculator

1+3
## [1] 4
exp(log(sqrt(2^2)))
## [1] 2

Assignments

a = 1
b <- 3
a + b
## [1] 4
d = a + b
d
## [1] 4
d = 7
d
## [1] 7

Working directory

ls()
rm(d)
ls()

Quit

q()

Save the workspace (y).

The content of your session is saved in the file .Rdata (with the .Rhistory) of your working directory.

Caution: these files are hidden.

To continue, you must relaunch R (and load gstlearn again).

Classes in R

b <- 3
class(b)
## [1] "numeric"
col = "blue"
class(col)
## [1] "character"
reponse=FALSE
class(reponse)
## [1] "logical"

Booleans

a = 1
a < 2
## [1] TRUE
comp = a < 2
comp
## [1] TRUE
comp & reponse
## [1] FALSE
comp | reponse
## [1] TRUE
!comp
## [1] FALSE
a = 1
a == 1
## [1] TRUE
a != 1
## [1] FALSE
a > 1
## [1] FALSE
a >= 1
## [1] TRUE

Vectors

x = c(1,9,2,9,4,5)
x
## [1] 1 9 2 9 4 5
class(x)
## [1] "numeric"
x[1]
## [1] 1
x[c(1,3)]
## [1] 1 2
x[-2]
## [1] 1 2 9 4 5
2:5*3
## [1]  6  9 12 15
x = c(1,9,2,9,4,5)
x[2:5]
## [1] 9 2 9 4
selection = x > 2
selection
## [1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE
x[selection]
## [1] 9 9 4 5

Length of a vector

length(x)
## [1] 6

Matrices

M = matrix(1:20,nrow=4,ncol=5)
M[2,1]
## [1] 2
M[2,1]=3
M[2,1]
## [1] 3
M[,1]
## [1] 1 3 3 4
M[2,]
## [1]  3  6 10 14 18
dim(M)
## [1] 4 5

Data frame

data = data.frame(M)
class(data)
## [1] "data.frame"
data[,3]
## [1]  9 10 11 12
names(data)
## [1] "X1" "X2" "X3" "X4" "X5"
names(data) = c("A","B","C","D","E")
data
##   A B  C  D  E
## 1 1 5  9 13 17
## 2 3 6 10 14 18
## 3 3 7 11 15 19
## 4 4 8 12 16 20
data
##   A B  C  D  E
## 1 1 5  9 13 17
## 2 3 6 10 14 18
## 3 3 7 11 15 19
## 4 4 8 12 16 20
data$C
## [1]  9 10 11 12
data[data$A>1,]
##   A B  C  D  E
## 2 3 6 10 14 18
## 3 3 7 11 15 19
## 4 4 8 12 16 20

Data Frame from a File

Download the ASCII file called Scotland_Temperatures.csv and store it on your disk in the current working directory.

filename = loadData("Scotland", "Scotland_Temperatures.csv")
temperatures = read.csv(filename,header=TRUE,na="MISS")
class(temperatures)
names(temperatures)

Some functions

set.seed(123)
rnorm(3)
## [1] -0.5604756 -0.2301775  1.5587083
x=c(3,4,7,4,2)
x
## [1] 3 4 7 4 2
sort(x)
## [1] 2 3 4 4 7
unique(x)
## [1] 3 4 7 2
x=c(3,4,7,4,2)
sum(x)
## [1] 20
mean(x)
## [1] 4
var(x)
## [1] 3.5
sd(x)
## [1] 1.870829

Help of Functions

Search for help on the function image.

?image

To get some help on a class :

class?matrix

Some functions of interest

Function outer

A = c(2,4,10)
B = c(3,7)
outer(A,B,"-")
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]   -1   -5
## [2,]    1   -3
## [3,]    7    3
outer(A,B,"*")
##      [,1] [,2]
## [1,]    6   14
## [2,]   12   28
## [3,]   30   70

Loops

Dimension and initialize a vector: numeric

Loop from 1 to 10: store loop index in a vector; then print the vector

tab = numeric(10)
for (i in 1:10)
{
  tab[i] = i
}
print(tab)
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10

Create your own function

Generate a linear transform of the input argument

my.func = function(x,a=2,b=4)
{
  y = a * x + b
  y
}

Play my function

x = seq(0,20)
y = my.func(x)
plot(x,y,main="Plotting my function")